null

Jims

Jims

JIMS is a trusted American manufacturer specializing in precision motorcycle tools, drivetrain components and engine service solutions for Harley-Davidson motorcycles. Known for unmatched machining accuracy, JIMS supports professional builders and serious riders with engine tools, transmission tools and performance drivetrain parts. From motorcycle specialty tools to complete transmission rebuild kits, JIMS products are designed to deliver reliable results in demanding workshop environments.


  • Product
  • Qty in Cart
  • Quantity
  • Price
  • Subtotal
  • Jims - 760K Socket Dipstick Insert Kit fits '07-'11 Touring & '06-'11 FXD Models

    Jims - 760K Socket Dipstick Insert Kit fits '07-'11 Touring & '06-'11 FXD Models

    Jims

    $66.95
    Jims - 760K Socket Dipstick Insert Kit fits '07-'11 Touring & '06-'11 FXD Models Features: Simply install this insert in your existing JIMS dipstick socket tool and remove the finger grasp...
    $66.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $66.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 5838 Oil Pump Alignment Tool fits '17-'21 M-Eight Engines Models

    Jims - 5838 Oil Pump Alignment Tool fits '17-'21 M-Eight Engines Models

    Jims

    $80.95
    Jims - 5838 Oil Pump Alignment Tool fits '17-'21 M-Eight Engines Models Features: This tool was designed to help the technician assemble the complete cam chest correctly, in a quick and efficient...
    $80.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $80.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 991 Case Splitting Tool fits '18-'21 M8 Softail & Touring Models Jims - 991 Case Splitting Tool fits '18-'21 M8 Softail & Touring Models

    Jims - 991 Case Splitting Tool fits '18-'21 M8 Softail & Touring Models

    Jims

    $408.95
    Jims - 991 Case Splitting Tool fits '18-'21 M8 Softail & Touring Models Features: In order to perform any type of lower end service or performance work, it is necessary to split the crankcase...
    $408.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $408.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 5506 Magnetic Tappet Holder fits all Twin Cam & M-Eight Models

    Jims - 5506 Magnetic Tappet Holder fits all Twin Cam & M-Eight Models

    Jims

    $70.95
    Jims - 5506 Magnetic Tappet Holder fits all Twin Cam & M-Eight Models Features: Never turn the engine over if the tappet will not spin with your fingers after adjustments were made It is...
    $70.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $70.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 730 Piston Tester Jet fits '18-'21 M-Eight Softail Models

    Jims - 730 Piston Tester Jet fits '18-'21 M-Eight Softail Models

    Jims

    $312.95
    Jims - 730 Piston Tester Jet fits '18-'21 M-Eight Softail Models Features: Assists engine rebuilder to clear jet of all assembly lubes; verifies psi number the jet switches to "on" and visualizes...
    $312.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $312.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 5813-5 Stator Adapter Main Bearing Tool fits '17-'22 M-Eight Models

    Jims - 5813-5 Stator Adapter Main Bearing Tool fits '17-'22 M-Eight Models

    Jims

    $72.95
    Jims - 5813-5 Stator Adapter Main Bearing Tool fits '17-'22 M-Eight Models Features: When this adapter is used in conjunction with the main bearing tool, or OE tool, the stator can remain...
    $72.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $72.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 1168 Primary Cover Inspection Plug Tool fits '57-'90 Sportster Models

    Jims - 1168 Primary Cover Inspection Plug Tool fits '57-'90 Sportster Models

    Jims

    $38.95
    Jims - 1168 Primary Cover Inspection Plug Tool fits '57-'90 Sportster Models Features: Use this tool to remove and install primary inspection plug Made in the USA
    $38.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $38.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 1664 5-Speed Transmission Shifter Shaft Sleeve Tool fits '80-'83 FLT/​FLHT/​FXR, '84-'99 Big Twins & '84-'00 FLHT/​FXR/​FXD Models

    Jims - 1664 5-Speed Transmission Shifter Shaft Sleeve Tool fits '80-'83 FLT/​FLHT/​FXR, '84-'99 Big Twins & '84-'00 FLHT/​FXR/​FXD Models

    Jims

    $54.95
    Jims - 1664 5-Speed Transmission Shifter Shaft Sleeve Tool fits '80-'83 FLT/​FLHT/​FXR, '84-'99 Big Twins & '84-'00 FLHT/​FXR/​FXD Models Features: Can be used to remove, install replacement...
    $54.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $54.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 747 Exhaust Ring Retainer Tool Jims - 747 Exhaust Ring Retainer Tool

    Jims - 747 Exhaust Ring Retainer Tool

    Jims

    $125.95
    Jims - 747 Exhaust Ring Retainer Tool Features: Quickly and easily installs the exhaust pipe retaining ring on almost all H-D exhaust systems Install the H-D No.65325-83A ring in seconds,...
    $125.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $125.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 754 Saddlebag Latch And Hinge Rivet Tool

    Jims - 754 Saddlebag Latch And Hinge Rivet Tool

    Jims

    $285.95
    Jims - 754 Saddlebag Latch And Hinge Rivet Tool Features: Secures saddlebag latches and hinges with rivets while providing a clean factory look Made in the U.S.A.
    $285.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $285.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 5530 Remote Fuel Tank fits H-D Models w/ Delphi Fuel Injection (Except V-Rod)

    Jims - 5530 Remote Fuel Tank fits H-D Models w/ Delphi Fuel Injection (Except V-Rod)

    Jims

    $490.95
    Jims - 5530 Remote Fuel Tank fits H-D Models w/ Delphi Fuel Injection (Except V-Rod) Features: Tank is completely mobile, even when pressurized; canister does not need to be continuously...
    $490.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $490.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 5818 Fuel Tank Wall Mount

    Jims - 5818 Fuel Tank Wall Mount

    Jims

    $184.95
    Jims - 5818 Fuel Tank Wall Mount Features: Can be used on most one-piece fuel tanks that use 5/16" or 3/8" hardware to mount fuel tank to motorcycle frame Securely holds or displays fuel tank...
    $184.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $184.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 5803 Wheel Bearing Hub Tool fits '14-'16 Indian Models

    Jims - 5803 Wheel Bearing Hub Tool fits '14-'16 Indian Models

    Jims

    $69.95
    Jims - 5803 Wheel Bearing Hub Tool fits '14-'16 Indian Models Features: Prevents damage to the wheel Made in the U.S.A.
    $69.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $69.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 5820 Standard Rear Axle Installation Guide Tool fits '08-'21 Big Twin w/ Hollow 1” (25 mm)

    Jims - 5820 Standard Rear Axle Installation Guide Tool fits '08-'21 Big Twin w/ Hollow 1” (25 mm)

    Jims

    $60.95
    Jims - 5820 Standard Rear Axle Installation Guide Tool fits '08-'21 Big Twin w/ Hollow 1” (25 mm) Features: Aligns wheel with swingarm, caliper brackets, wheel hubs and spacers Made in the...
    $60.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $60.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 732 Topend Hardware Organizer fits '17-'21 M-Eight Powertrain Models Jims - 732 Topend Hardware Organizer fits '17-'21 M-Eight Powertrain Models

    Jims - 732 Topend Hardware Organizer fits '17-'21 M-Eight Powertrain Models

    Jims

    $116.95
    Jims - 732 Topend Hardware Organizer fits '17-'21 M-Eight Powertrain Models Features: Jims has developed a new set of Milwaukee Eight specific hardware index tools to store and organize bolts...
    $116.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $116.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 735 Transmission Hardware Organizer fits '17-'21 M-Eight Powertrain Models Jims - 735 Transmission Hardware Organizer fits '17-'21 M-Eight Powertrain Models

    Jims - 735 Transmission Hardware Organizer fits '17-'21 M-Eight Powertrain Models

    Jims

    $106.95
    Jims - 735 Transmission Hardware Organizer fits '17-'21 M-Eight Powertrain Models Features: Jims has developed a new set of Milwaukee Eight specific hardware index tools to store and organize...
    $106.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $106.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 1073 Cylinder Torque Plates fits '66-'99 Big Twin Models

    Jims - 1073 Cylinder Torque Plates fits '66-'99 Big Twin Models

    Jims

    $765.95
    Jims - 1073 Cylinder Torque Plates fits '66-'99 Big Twin Models Features: Torque plates must be used when boring or honing late-model aluminum cylinders Simulate running stress conditions Come...
    $765.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $765.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 1284 Connecting Rod Holding Tool for Most V-Twin & Buell Blast Applications Jims - 1284 Connecting Rod Holding Tool for Most V-Twin & Buell Blast Applications

    Jims - 1284 Connecting Rod Holding Tool for Most V-Twin & Buell Blast Applications

    Jims

    $237.95
    Jims - 1284 Connecting Rod Holding Tool for Most V-Twin & Buell Blast Applications Features: Holds the rods in place when reaming or honing the wrist pin bushings Made in the USA For most...
    $237.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $237.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims -1004A Clutch Hub Puller

    Jims -1004A Clutch Hub Puller

    Jims

    $129.95
    Jims -1004A Clutch Hub Puller Features: Will also work on Big Twin motor sprocket, alternator cover and early XL clutches as well as many other applications Can be used on 3-, 5- or 10-finger...
    $129.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $129.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 1147 Alternator Rotor Puller fits '97-'06 Big Twin Models Jims - 1147 Alternator Rotor Puller fits '97-'06 Big Twin Models

    Jims - 1147 Alternator Rotor Puller fits '97-'06 Big Twin Models

    Jims

    $175.95
    Jims - 1147 Alternator Rotor Puller fits '97-'06 Big Twin Models Features: A must-have tool for 45A charging systems; will also work on any Harley-Davidson® alternator system that has...
    $175.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $175.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 95660-77 4-Speed Seal Driver fits '82-'86 Big Twin Models

    Jims - 95660-77 4-Speed Seal Driver fits '82-'86 Big Twin Models

    Jims

    $105.95
    Jims - 95660-77 4-Speed Seal Driver fits '82-'86 Big Twin Models Features: Optional drivers used in conjunction with main shaft seal tool allow installation of...
    $105.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $105.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 2244 3/8" 35 mm Fork Nut Socket fits For Big Twin & Sportster Models

    Jims - 2244 3/8" 35 mm Fork Nut Socket fits For Big Twin & Sportster Models

    Jims

    $124.95
    Jims - 2244 3/8" 35 mm Fork Nut Socket fits For Big Twin & Sportster Models Features: Used to remove and install top fork nuts on fork tubes Rubber protector inside socket Will clear most...
    $124.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $124.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 2240 Head Holder Guide Tool '48-'04 Big Twin, '57-'03 Sportster & Some SE CVO Twin Cam Models (5/16” Valve Guides)

    Jims - 2240 Head Holder Guide Tool '48-'04 Big Twin, '57-'03 Sportster & Some SE CVO Twin Cam Models (5/16” Valve Guides)

    Jims

    $943.95
    Jims - 2240 Head Holder Guide Tool '48-'04 Big Twin, '57-'03 Sportster & Some SE CVO Twin Cam Models (5/16” Valve Guides) Features: Adapters are supported by a stand that makes it easy...
    $943.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $943.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 1146 Crankshaft Bearing Installer fits '00-'17 Twin Cam “B” Motors Models Jims - 1146 Crankshaft Bearing Installer fits '00-'17 Twin Cam “B” Motors Models

    Jims - 1146 Crankshaft Bearing Installer fits '00-'17 Twin Cam “B” Motors Models

    Jims

    $472.95
    Jims - 1146 Crankshaft Bearing Installer fits '00-'17 Twin Cam “B” Motors Models Features: Designed to protect engine cases by using a specially-designed support block to remove or...
    $472.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $472.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 1162 Caliper Piston Remover fits '00-'07 Big Twin & '00-'03 Sportster 4-Piston Front/​Rear Calipers Models

    Jims - 1162 Caliper Piston Remover fits '00-'07 Big Twin & '00-'03 Sportster 4-Piston Front/​Rear Calipers Models

    Jims

    $121.95
    Jims - 1162 Caliper Piston Remover fits '00-'07 Big Twin & '00-'03 Sportster 4-Piston Front/​Rear Calipers Models Features: Prevents damage to pistons and cylinders when installing new seals...
    $121.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $121.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 1167 Balancer Shaft/Removal Bearing Tool fits '00-'06 Twin Cam “B” Motors Models Jims - 1167 Balancer Shaft/Removal Bearing Tool fits '00-'06 Twin Cam “B” Motors Models

    Jims - 1167 Balancer Shaft/Removal Bearing Tool fits '00-'06 Twin Cam “B” Motors Models

    Jims

    $205.95
    Jims - 1167 Balancer Shaft/Removal Bearing Tool fits '00-'06 Twin Cam “B” Motors Models Features: Installing portion is designed to push on the outer diameter of bearings preventing...
    $205.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $205.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 1169 Compression Release Valve Installation Kit fits Twin Cam Models Jims - 1169 Compression Release Valve Installation Kit fits Twin Cam Models

    Jims - 1169 Compression Release Valve Installation Kit fits Twin Cam Models

    Jims

    $597.95
    Jims - 1169 Compression Release Valve Installation Kit fits Twin Cam Models Features: Installation kit includes fixture, drill bit, spot face bit and thread-tapping tool Simply drill, spot face,...
    $597.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $597.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 1110 0.105" Camshaft Pinon Gauge Pins fits '54-'89 Big Twin Models

    Jims - 1110 0.105" Camshaft Pinon Gauge Pins fits '54-'89 Big Twin Models

    Jims

    $44.95
    Jims - 1110 0.105" Camshaft Pinon Gauge Pins fits '54-'89 Big Twin Models Features: Use to check pinion gear for pitch diameters Check service manual for sizing chart Made in the U.S.A...
    $44.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $44.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 1111 0.108" Camshaft Pinion Gauge Pins fits '90-'99 Big Twin Evolution Models

    Jims - 1111 0.108" Camshaft Pinion Gauge Pins fits '90-'99 Big Twin Evolution Models

    Jims

    $44.95
    Jims - 1111 0.108" Camshaft Pinion Gauge Pins fits '90-'99 Big Twin Evolution Models Features: Use to check pinion gear for pitch diameters Check service manual for sizing chart Made in the U.S...
    $44.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $44.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 2046 39 mm Fork Seal Installer

    Jims - 2046 39 mm Fork Seal Installer

    Jims

    $112.95
    Jims - 2046 39 mm Fork Seal Installer Features: Lightly grease to keep from scratching fork tubes Used to install fork and dust seals Made in the U.S.A.
    $112.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $112.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 2047 41 mm Fork Seal Installer

    Jims - 2047 41 mm Fork Seal Installer

    Jims

    $112.95
    Jims - 2047 41 mm Fork Seal Installer Features: Lightly grease to keep from scratching fork tubes Used to install fork and dust seals Made in the U.S.A.
    $112.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $112.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 2043 41mm Fork Nut Socket fits '48-'17 Wide Glide Models

    Jims - 2043 41mm Fork Nut Socket fits '48-'17 Wide Glide Models

    Jims

    $98.95
    FLHRS Jims - 2043 41mm Fork Nut Socket fits '48-'17 Wide Glide Models Features: Eliminates possible burring of plug caused by wrenches Used to remove and install top fork-tube plug Fits 41 mm...
    $98.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $98.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 1705 Exhaust Drill Plate fits '84-'17 Big Twin (Except M-Eight), '86-'22 Sportster & '94-'09 Buell Models (Except 1125R)

    Jims - 1705 Exhaust Drill Plate fits '84-'17 Big Twin (Except M-Eight), '86-'22 Sportster & '94-'09 Buell Models (Except 1125R)

    Jims

    $183.95
    Jims - 1705 Exhaust Drill Plate fits '84-'17 Big Twin (Except M-Eight), '86-'22 Sportster & '94-'09 Buell Models (Except 1125R) Features: Will position the seal evenly into the exhaust port...
    $183.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $183.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 2392 Head Bolt Torque Gauge fits all Twin Cam & Evolution Engines Models

    Jims - 2392 Head Bolt Torque Gauge fits all Twin Cam & Evolution Engines Models

    Jims

    $28.95
    Jims - 2392 Head Bolt Torque Gauge fits all Twin Cam & Evolution Engines Models Features: This accurate gauge allows the measuring of 90° when tightening head bolts Torquing sequence...
    $28.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $28.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 1034 Sprocket Shaft Holder fits '55-'99 Big Twin & '99-'06 Twin Cam (Except '06 Dyna)

    Jims - 1034 Sprocket Shaft Holder fits '55-'99 Big Twin & '99-'06 Twin Cam (Except '06 Dyna)

    Jims

    $184.95
    Jims - 1034 Sprocket Shaft Holder fits '55-'99 Big Twin & '99-'06 Twin Cam (Except '06 Dyna) Features: Used to hold flywheel assembly in vise, with or without left case attached Made in the...
    $184.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $184.95
    Subtotal:
  • Out of stock
    Jims - 95760-XL Inner Cam Bearing Removal Tool fits '57-'90 Sportster Models

    Jims - 95760-XL Inner Cam Bearing Removal Tool fits '57-'90 Sportster Models

    Jims

    $271.95
    Jims - 95760-XL Inner Cam Bearing Removal Tool fits '57-'90 Sportster Models Features: Used to remove inner cam bearing without damaging the crankcase Tool is also designed to keep rollers from...
    $271.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $271.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 95760-57 Bushing Bearing Puller fits '66-'17 Big Twin (Except M-Eight), '57-'22 Sportster & Buell Models (Except 1125R)

    Jims - 95760-57 Bushing Bearing Puller fits '66-'17 Big Twin (Except M-Eight), '57-'22 Sportster & Buell Models (Except 1125R)

    Jims

    $265.95
    Jims - 95760-57 Bushing Bearing Puller fits '66-'17 Big Twin (Except M-Eight), '57-'22 Sportster & Buell Models (Except 1125R) Features: Used to remove rocker bushing or bearing in one easy...
    $265.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $265.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 1052 Oil Pump Snap Ring Installer fits Big Twin Oil Pumps (Except Twin Cam/M-Eight)

    Jims - 1052 Oil Pump Snap Ring Installer fits Big Twin Oil Pumps (Except Twin Cam/M-Eight)

    Jims

    $101.95
    Jims - 1052 Oil Pump Snap Ring Installer fits Big Twin Oil Pumps (Except Twin Cam/M-Eight) Features: Just apply oil to ring expander, slip ring up to the big end of ring expander, hold up to the...
    $101.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $101.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 1053 Oil Pump Seal Installer fits Big Twin Aluminum Oil Pumps (Except Twin Cam/M-Eight)

    Jims - 1053 Oil Pump Seal Installer fits Big Twin Aluminum Oil Pumps (Except Twin Cam/M-Eight)

    Jims

    $137.95
    Jims - 1053 Oil Pump Seal Installer fits Big Twin Aluminum Oil Pumps (Except Twin Cam/M-Eight) Features: For use on all Big Twin aluminum oil pumps (except Twin Cam/M8) Easily installs oil pump...
    $137.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $137.95
    Subtotal:
  • Jims - 38515-90 Clutch Spring Compressor fits '90-'97 Big Twin & '91-'03 Sportster Models Jims - 38515-90 Clutch Spring Compressor fits '90-'97 Big Twin & '91-'03 Sportster Models

    Jims - 38515-90 Clutch Spring Compressor fits '90-'97 Big Twin & '91-'03 Sportster Models

    Jims

    $177.95
    Jims - 38515-90 Clutch Spring Compressor fits '90-'97 Big Twin & '91-'03 Sportster Models Features: For '91-'03 XL applications, compressor nut must be used in conjunction with compressor...
    $177.95
    Qty in Cart: 0
    Quantity:
    Price:
    $177.95
    Subtotal:
  • Total: items /

Adding your products to cart

JIMS Precision Motorcycle Tools – Engine, Transmission & Drivetrain Solutions

JIMS has built a legendary reputation in the Harley-Davidson aftermarket by producing high-precision motorcycle tools and drivetrain components engineered for professional-grade performance. Each product is manufactured with tight tolerances to support accurate engine assembly, transmission service and drivetrain alignment across Evolution, Twin Cam and Milwaukee-Eight platforms. Riders and builders searching for JIMS motorcycle tools, Harley engine tools and transmission rebuild solutions rely on the brand for consistent results and long-term durability.

 

The JIMS lineup covers a wide range of engine service tools, transmission tools, bearing installers, flywheel, crankshaft tools and valve train service equipment, all designed to reduce guesswork and improve accuracy during complex repairs. From diagnostic solutions like surface temperature strips to advanced systems such as Forceflow cylinder head cooler kits, JIMS helps manage heat, improve airflow and support overall engine efficiency.

 

Beyond tools, JIMS is also recognized for high-performance drivetrain components, including gear kits, oil pumps, transmission assemblies and internal engine parts trusted by performance builders worldwide. Whether performing routine maintenance or complete engine and transmission overhauls, JIMS delivers professional motorcycle repair tools and precision-engineered components that help ensure reliability, performance and long service life.